Folliculitis is a common skin condition characterized by the inflammation of hair follicles. It can manifest anywhere on the body where hair grows and is often mistaken for acne. This condition can be caused by various factors, including bacterial or fungal infections, irritation from shaving, or blocked follicles. While mild cases typically resolve on their own, more severe or persistent infections may require medical treatment.
Folliculitis occurs when hair follicles become infected or inflamed. This can happen due to bacteria, fungus, or a blockage. Depending on the location, folliculitis may have specific names like barber’s itch (on the face where a beard grows), razor bumps (from shaving), or hot tub rash (caused by bacteria in warm water).
Folliculitis can present in several ways:
These areas may be itchy, tender, or painful.
There are two main categories:
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Within these categories are several subtypes:
Folliculitis can occur almost anywhere on the body, but it is more likely to appear in the following areas:
A healthcare provider can typically diagnose folliculitis by examining the skin and reviewing your medical history. They may ask questions about your shaving habits, hot tub use, medications, and sweating patterns. In some cases, tests may be necessary to determine the cause:
Mild folliculitis often resolves with self-care at home. Several remedies can help relieve symptoms and promote healing:
Clean the affected area gently with warm water and antibacterial soap twice a day. Dry the area with a clean towel, and avoid sharing towels with others. Wash any clothing or towels that have touched the folliculitis in hot water and detergent.
Read also: Causes and Treatment of Herpetic Folliculitis
Apply a warm, moist compress to the affected area to soothe swelling, irritation, and pain. Sterilize a soft cotton cloth by boiling or laundering it in warm water and soap. Soak the cloth in a warm salt solution (1 teaspoon of table salt in 2 cups of water), wring out the excess, and gently press it onto your skin. Repeat several times a day with a clean cloth each time. A vinegar solution made of 1 tablespoon (17 grams) of table white vinegar in 1 pint (473 milliliters) of water can also be used.
Aloe vera gel can help heal the skin faster and soothe itching, redness, and swelling. Research suggests it may also inhibit some infection-causing bacteria. Apply pure aloe vera gel (without added perfumes or chemicals) to the skin after cleaning the area.
Hydrogen peroxide can help eliminate bacteria and fungi that cause folliculitis. Dilute hydrogen peroxide with sterile water, apply it to the skin with a cotton swab, and let it dry. Avoid applying it to healthy skin to preserve beneficial bacteria.
Avoid wearing clothing that irritates the skin or causes friction. Choose loose, breathable fabrics like cotton. Change out of sweaty or wet clothing immediately.
Salt water may help sterilize the area and treat minor infections. A warm saltwater sitz bath can relieve, soothe, and clear the skin.
Read also: Causes and Treatments for Folliculitis
Tea tree oil has antimicrobial properties that may help keep the skin clear and kill bacteria causing folliculitis. Dilute a few drops of tea tree oil in a carrier oil, such as coconut or grapeseed oil, before applying it to the skin.
Curcumin, a compound in turmeric, is active against Staphylococcus aureus, a bacteria that can lead to folliculitis. Apply a paste of turmeric and water to the affected area once per day. Be aware that turmeric may temporarily dye the skin yellow.
Acetic acid, found in apple cider vinegar, has antibacterial and antifungal properties. Adding a cup of apple cider vinegar to a warm bath may help fight the bacteria that cause folliculitis.
Keep the skin moist with non-greasy moisturizers. Products containing lactic acid may help prevent folliculitis by keeping the skin moist and removing dead skin cells. Coconut oil can also be a good natural moisturizer if you are not sensitive to it.
Wet wrap therapy can ease skin itching and irritation. Wash the area and your hands with warm soapy water. Cut a clean cotton cloth into strips, soak in sterile water, squeeze out the water, and lay over your area. Cover the wet bandages with dry ones and leave on for up to 8 hours.
Some essential oils, such as cinnamon, lemon, clove, tea tree, chamomile, and eucalyptus oil, have antibacterial and antifungal properties. Dilute a few drops of essential oil in a carrier oil before applying to the skin.
If self-care measures are ineffective, medical treatments may be necessary. These include:
Preventing folliculitis involves adopting habits that minimize skin irritation and prevent infections:
Consult a doctor if:
Untreated folliculitis can lead to complications such as:
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